АНАЛИЗ КАЧЕСТВА ВОЗДУХА В ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЕ С УЧЕТОМ ВЛИЯНИЯ ЗЕЛЫХ НАСАЖДЕНИЙ И АРХИТЕКТУРНОЙ КОНФИГУРАЦИИ ЗДАНИЙ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52167/1609-1817-2025-139-4-338-352Ключевые слова:
загрязнение воздуха, городской каньон, численное моделирование, пористая среда, уравнение Навье-СтоксаАннотация
Загрязнение атмосферы — одна из наиболее острых экологических проблем современности, которая становится всё более серьёзной в условиях стремительного роста урбанизации и интенсивности дорожного движения. Выбросы автотранспорта — один из основных источников загрязнения, наносящего вред здоровью человека, особенно детям и пожилым людям. В данной работе рассматривается влияние особенностей городской планировки, ветрового режима и элементов зелёной инфраструктуры на распределение загрязняющих веществ в уличных каньонах. Результаты исследования показывают, что элементы зелёной инфраструктуры, такие как деревья, растительные барьеры и зеленые крыши, значительно снижают концентрацию загрязняющих веществ и улучшают естественную вентиляцию. Для количественной оценки этих процессов была разработана математическая модель, основанная на усреднённой по времени версии уравнений Навье–Стокса и моделях турбулентности k–ε Standard и RNG. Расчет был реализован с использованием алгоритма PISO в программной среде ANSYS Fluent 2020 R1. Проверка модели на тестовом примере Салима и др. (2011) показала хорошее соответствие экспериментальным данным, что подтверждает валидность метода и его применимость для анализа распределения загрязнения в городской среде.
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